新冠肺炎疫情下高校管理面临的挑战及对策研究

作为社会人才培育的主要阵地,高等院校应对困难打赢“疫情”战,不仅关系到高校本身的安危,更关系到经济社会持续稳定发展。基于此本文考察了在新冠疫情下,高校管理所要面临的挑战、机遇以及应对措施。新冠疫情使得高校管理内容复杂、形势严峻、时效迫切,但是借此一“役”,高校亦可锤炼自身管理队伍,并积极开展爱国教育、生命教育和生活教育,健康档案建立、教学方式创新、学生返校监督、优化管理制度并完善物资储备是解决此次疫情的重要手段。     

Organisational regulatory legitimacy,entrepreneurial orientation,and SME innovation: an optimal distinctiveness perspective

The optimal distinctiveness perspective argues that firms face competing pressures to be both ‘like’ and ‘different from’ their peers. On the one hand, institutional scholars assert that firms need to be similar to peers in order to gain legitimacy. On the other hand, strategy scholars insist that firms need to strive to be different to gain competitive advantage. In order to enrich the optimal distinctiveness perspective, the present study builds a conceptual model that addresses the relationships among organisational regulatory legitimacy, entrepreneurial orientation, and SME innovation under the context of China’s transition economy. Our empirical results show that organisational regulatory legitimacy has an inverted-U relationship with SME innovation. Further, entrepreneurial orientation strengthens this inverse-U shaped relationship. That is, entrepreneurial orientation magnifies both the positive and the negative effect of organisational regulatory legitimacy on SME innovation. This study echoes to the call to conduct broader optimal distinctiveness research by integrating institutional theory and strategic management. Furthermore, our findings provide new evidence for the strategic balance perspective of optimal distinctiveness.     

城市群高质量发展的理论逻辑与路径选择

现代化后发赶超要求以城市群作为主体空间形态,实现效率增进、功能跃升、均衡发展和开放合作.城市群正日益成为托起中国现代化的巨擘,目前我国19个城市群之间规模结构差异较大,以东部城市群发展质量最高.城市群发展失衡的原因在于,城市群城镇体系不合理、公共服务一体化存在障碍、区域一体化发展体制机制有待健全、城际间综合交通网络体系亟待完善.适应现代化发展要求,我国需要在城市群加快推动形成快速便捷的综合交通体系与一体化发展体制机制,以都市圈为载体优化城市群空间格局与推动城市群协同发展,加快构建包容共享的公共服务体系,提升城市群的开放发展水平,引领中国现代化发展.     

新冠疫情全球蔓延对我国就业的影响及机制分析

新冠疫情全球蔓延对需求端与供给端都造成巨大的冲击,评估此次疫情对我国就业的影响及机制分析变得重要.基于统计比较和使用DID模型,我们研究表明:(1)新冠疫情爆发前,我国总体失业率基本稳定,地区间失业差异趋于缩小;2020年疫情爆发后,我国城镇调查失业率出现明显上升,但其影响在下半年趋于缓解.(2)新冠疫情全球蔓延对我国就业市场产生显著不利的冲击,但对我国31个大城市就业的不利冲击要相对小于总体城镇.新冠疫情导致我国城镇调查失业率总体上升0.31个百分点,导致全国31个大城市调查失业率总体上升0.218个百分点.新冠疫情爆发4个月后我国就业受到的不利影响开始减小.(3)新冠疫情对我国制造业和服务业的经济活动均造成不利冲击,进而对我国就业造成显著不利的影响,且对我国服务业经济活动产生的不利冲击更大.据此,需要严格防控国内疫情反弹,提升一流的营商环境,对受疫情不利影响的企业和劳动者提供优惠政策支持,出台人力资本政策支持建立国家高端人力资本储备池,拓展数字贸易、数字平台等就业创业.     

智慧专业化视角下区域资源集聚与区域创新驱动发展

传统发展动力逐渐式微，创新驱动成为区域经济发展的新引擎。走创新驱动发展道路，需要新的经济理论解释、构建并指导各区域经济增长方式和发展模式转型。智慧专业化是一种新兴经济理论，能够较好解释区域创新驱动发展的内在动力。智慧专业化有效支撑区域资源集聚与区域创新驱动发展相关性研究，从资源内存性和外向性、资源技术和经济属性以及资源支持程度3个方面，论述区域创新驱动发展的动力来源与动力持续性，进而解释区域创新驱动发展资源集聚对区域创新驱动发展绩效的影响。     

食用菌规模化快速发展背景下菇农生产意愿的分析*——基于泌阳、西峡两县的调查

[目的]食用菌规模化生产的快速发展对传统的菇农生产活动产生了深刻影响,其中一些菇农已经暂停或放弃生产,而其他菇农则采取了改变规模、改变品种、改善技术及与工厂化企业合作等生产调整措施以避免或减少潜在风险。文章运用河南省泌阳、西峡两个香菇生产大县的实地调查数据,从理性预期视角探索影响专业菇农继续生产意愿的主要因素,为研究规模化农业与传统小农户家庭生产方式之间的关系提供参考。[方法]采用二元Probit模型结合边际效应分析,分别从成本预期、收益预期和风险预期等3个方面,探索食用菌规模化生产迅速发展背景下菇农理性预期对其继续生产意愿的影响。[结果]实证结果显示,绝大多数样本菇农在规模化快速发展背景下愿意继续进行香菇生产;菇农继续生产的总体风险预期和总体机会预期、菇农生产方式被替代预期、年参加培训次数、工厂化企业工作经历等对菇农继续生产意愿影响显著;设施设备改造投入增加预期、产品滞销风险增加预期、继续生产的利润下降预期、文化程度、自制还是购买菌棒、年栽培棒数、贷款资金需求等因素的影响比较显著。[结论]菇农能够相对充分地认识到食用菌规模化生产方式所带来的风险和机会,进而通过主动学习来改进现有的菇农家庭生产方式,而不是直接退出生产;政府部门和金融机构等对以菇农为代表的专业化小农户的专项扶持,对于探索小农户与现代农业有机衔接的内源方式、实现农户家庭生产方式的历史跃迁具有重要意义。     

维果茨基心理发展理论对素质教育的启示

维果茨基是前苏联著名的心理学家,其所创立的心理发展理论和历史文化理论对心理学、教育学和实践的发展具有极其重要的影响.本文在简述维果茨基心理发展理论的基础上,探讨了其对我国当前素质教育进一步开展的意义.     

Transnationalizing industrial heritage valorizations in Germany and China – and addressing inherent dark sides

ABSTRACT

Industrial heritage valorizations are usually characterized by two pervasive trends: Firstly, there is an understandable, but extremely narrow, focus on national histories of industrialization, thus excluding what has always been a constitutive element of any industrialization path after the initial industrial revolution in England: transboundary flows of hardware, capital, knowledge, people or power. Secondly, there is an almost exclusive concentration on the individual achievements of entrepreneurs, engineers and architects in times of peace and industrial progress. Current industrial heritage valorizations only rarely adequately reflect the other side of industrialization phases or patterns, that is, their disquieting stories of war, occupation, other forms of imposed foreign influence, disasters, social unrest and the suffering of individuals or groups triggered by, or leading to, crises, failures, relocations and destruction. Taking these blind spots as its starting point, this paper explores more inclusive ways of representing industrial heritage. Based on the concept of geo-historically entangled processes of transnationalization and case studies from Germany and China, the authors argue that the industrial landscapes reflect both former and current transboundary industrialization processes representing two or more nations’ painful and dissonant, but common, heritage. This should be mirrored more appropriately and consistently in industrial heritage tourism approaches and interpretation strategies.     

Optimal investment-consumption-insurance with random parameters

This paper discusses an optimal investment, consumption, and life insurance purchase problem for a wage earner in a complete market with Brownian information. Specifically, we assume that the parameters governing the market model and the wage earner, including the interest rate, appreciation rate, volatility, force of mortality, premium-insurance ratio, income and discount rate, are all random processes adapted to the Brownian motion filtration. Our modeling framework is very general, which allows these random parameters to be unbounded, non-Markovian functionals of the underlying Brownian motion. Suppose that the wage earner’s preference is described by a power utility. The wage earner’s problem is then to choose an optimal investment-consumption-insurance strategy so as to maximize the expected, discounted utilities from intertemporal consumption, legacy and terminal wealth over an uncertain lifetime horizon. We use a novel approach, which combines the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) to solve this problem. In general, we give explicit expressions for the optimal investment-consumption-insurance strategy and the value function in terms of the solutions to two BSDEs. To illustrate our results, we provide closed-form solutions to the problem with stochastic income, stochastic mortality, and stochastic appreciation rate, respectively.     

The effect of human resource practices on perceived organizational support in the People’s Republic of China

Using a sample of workers and managers employed by a hotel located in Southeastern People’s Republic of China, we investigated the relationship between various human resource management practices and the perceived organizational support (POS) experienced by the employees. We then investigated the effects of POS on employee satisfaction. Our data suggest that hiring practices, training, and compensation practices predict POS. These results are consistent with previous research. We also found that POS influences worker satisfaction and acts as a mediator between select HR practices and satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature by replicating Western-based findings with a Chinese sample and illustrating that the attitudes of Chinese employees can be influenced through the use of HR practices.